An Initial Public Offering (IPO) is the process through which a private company offers its shares to the public for the first time and becomes a listed entity.
Listed shares are traded on recognized stock exchanges and are subject to continuous disclosure and regulatory requirements.
Valuation helps investors understand how markets price companies based on earnings, growth expectations, and risk factors.
Pre-IPO shares refer to equity ownership in companies before they are listed on stock exchanges. These shares are unlisted and typically less liquid compared to listed securities.
Companies may raise funds privately from institutional investors, strategic partners, or eligible participants before approaching public markets.